What is PEP?
PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is a short course of HIV medication taken after potential exposure to the virus. It’s designed to stop HIV from taking hold in your body and must be started within 72 hours, ideally as soon as possible after the exposure. PEP is typically prescribed after events like unprotected sex with a partner of unknown status, condom failure, or needlestick injuries. The treatment lasts 28 days and is highly effective when taken correctly.
HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis demonstrates heightened effectiveness when administered within the first 24 hours post-exposure, offering substantial protection against infection in most instances. However, it’s essential to recognise that while HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis serves as an emergency measure, it should not replace standard preventive practices, such as consistently using protection during sexual activity. It functions as a crucial emergency response, although it may not fully mitigate the risks associated with high-risk behaviours. Nevertheless, it remains among the most effective emergency preventive methods available.
If you suspect potential exposure to HIV, whether through needle sharing or unprotected sexual encounters with unfamiliar partners, immediate action is imperative. Every passing hour is consequential, emphasising the urgency of seeking medical attention promptly.
Understanding HIV Risk
In instances of unprotected sexual activity where HIV exposure is a concern, several factors warrant consideration. Research indicates that the risk of HIV transmission from a single episode of unprotected intercourse is relatively low, typically less than 1%. Conversely, the risk escalates significantly, up to approximately 15%, with needle sharing. Despite this, it’s advisable to consider HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis following any potential exposure to HIV.
Studies suggest that the relatively low transmission risk can be attributed to factors such as a diminished viral load in some HIV-positive individuals. Additionally, the presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may heighten the risk of HIV transmission, particularly when mucous membranes are compromised.
Who Should Consider HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis?
HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis is intended for emergency use and is most effective when administered within the 72-hour window following exposure. Situations where PEP may be warranted include:
- Incidents involving the breakage or slippage of protection during sexual intercourse
- Engaging in sexual activity with individuals known to be HIV-positive
- Sexual encounters with partners exhibiting risky behaviours and uncertain HIV status
- Needle sharing or exposure to contaminated needles
- Contact with blood or semen through open cuts, wounds, or mucosal surfaces
- Instances of sexual assault
- Additionally, HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis may be recommended for occupational exposure to HIV, such as needle prick injuries occurring in healthcare settings.
Initiating HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis
HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis initiation hinges on the individual’s history of potential exposure. However, when administered within the 72-hour timeframe, PEP demonstrates efficacy in preventing infection in approximately 90% of cases. Before commencing treatment, one typically needs to get some baseline blood tests done to screen for contraindications and assess one’s kidney and liver function.
